When building web applications, managing network requests can be a daunting task. The challenges of ensuring up-to-date data and handling simultaneous requests often lead to complex logic in the application to deal with interruptions and race conditions. Remix simplifies this process by automating network management, mirroring and expanding the intuitive behavior of web browsers.
To help understand how Remix works, remember from Fullstack Data Flow that after form submissions, Remix will fetch fresh data from the loaders. This is called revalidation.
Remix's handling of network concurrency is heavily inspired by the default behavior of web browsers when processing documents:
Browser Link Navigation: When you click on a link in a browser and then click on another before the page transition completes, the browser prioritizes the most recent action. It cancels the initial request, focusing solely on the latest link clicked.
Browser Form Submission: If you initiate a form submission in a browser and then quickly submit another form again, the browser disregards the first submission, processing only the latest one.
While standard browsers are limited to one request at a time for navigations and form submissions, Remix elevates this behavior. Unlike navigation, with useFetcher multiple requests can be in flight simultaneously.
Remix is designed to handle multiple form submissions to server actions and concurrent revalidation requests efficiently. It ensures that as soon as new data is available, the state is updated promptly. However, Remix also safeguards against potential pitfalls by refraining from committing stale data when other actions introduce race conditions.
For instance, if three form submissions are in progress, and one completes, Remix updates the UI with that data immediately without waiting for the other two so that the UI remains responsive and dynamic. As the remaining submissions finalize, Remix continues to update the UI, ensuring that the most recent data is displayed.
To help understand some visualizations, below is a key for the symbols used in the diagrams:
|: Submission beginssubmission 1: |----ā-----ā
submission 2: |-----ā-----ā
submission 3: |-----ā-----ā
However, if a subsequent submission's revalidation completes before an earlier one, Remix discards the earlier data, ensuring that only the most up-to-date information is reflected in the UI.
submission 1: |----ā---------ā
submission 2: |-----ā-----ā
submission 3: |-----ā-----ā
Because the revalidation from submission (2) started later and landed earlier than submission (1), the requests from submission (1) are cancelled and only the data from submission (2) is committed to the UI. It was requested later so its more likely to contain the updated values from both (1) and (2).
It's unlikely your users will ever experience this, but there are still chances for the user to see stale data in very rare conditions with inconsistent infrastructure. Even though Remix cancels requests for stale data, they will still end up making it to the server. Cancelling a request in the browser simply releases browser resources for that request, it can't "catch up" and stop it from getting to the server. In extremely rare conditions, a cancelled request may change data after the interrupting action's revalidation lands. Consider this diagram:
š interruption with new submission
|----ā----------------------ā
|-------ā-----ā
š
initial request reaches the server
after the interrupting submission
has completed revalidation
The user is now looking at different data than what is on the server. Note that this problem is both extremely rare and exists with default browser behavior, too. The chance of the initial request reaching the server later than both the submission and revalidation of the second is unexpected on any network and server infrastructure. If this is a concern in with your infrastructure, you can send time stamps with your form submissions and write server logic to ignore stale submissions.
In UI components like combo boxes, each keystroke can trigger a network request. Managing such rapid, consecutive requests can be tricky, especially when ensuring that the displayed results match the most recent query. However, with Remix, this challenge is automatically handled, ensuring that users see the correct results without developers having to micromanage the network.
import type { LoaderArgs } from "@remix-run/node"; // or cloudflare/deno
import { json } from "@remix-run/node"; // or cloudflare/deno
export async function loader({
request,
}: LoaderFunctionArgs) {
const { searchParams } = new URL(request.url);
const cities = await searchCities(searchParams.get("q"));
return json(cities);
}
export function CitySearchCombobox() {
const fetcher = useFetcher<typeof loader>();
return (
<fetcher.Form action="/city-search">
<Combobox aria-label="Cities">
<ComboboxInput
name="q"
onChange={(event) =>
// submit the form onChange to get the list of cities
fetcher.submit(event.target.form)
}
/>
{/* render with the loader's data */}
{fetcher.data ? (
<ComboboxPopover className="shadow-popup">
{fetcher.data.length > 0 ? (
<ComboboxList>
{fetcher.data.map((city) => (
<ComboboxOption
key={city.id}
value={city.name}
/>
))}
</ComboboxList>
) : (
<span>No results found</span>
)}
</ComboboxPopover>
) : null}
</Combobox>
</fetcher.Form>
);
}
All the application needs to know is how to query the data and how to render it, Remix handles the network.
Remix offers developers an intuitive, browser-based approach to managing network requests. By mirroring browser behaviors and enhancing them where needed, it simplifies the complexities of concurrency, revalidation, and potential race conditions. Whether you're building a simple webpage or a sophisticated web application, Remix ensures that your user interactions are smooth, reliable, and always up-to-date.
